Hubungan kadar RANTES sekret hidung dengan skor gejala total penderita rinitis alergi

Abstract

Latar belakang: Rinitis alergi (RA) adalah penyakit inflamasi mukosa hidung yang diperantarai oleh imunoglobulin E (IgE) akibat pajanan alergen. Salah satu tanda penting proses alergi adalah infiltrasi sel-sel inflamasi, utamanya eosinofil ke jaringan, dan melepaskan berbagai protein dasar yang dapat merusak epitel mukosa hidung. Proses tersebut sangat dipengaruhi oleh peran regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). Pengukuran beratnya gejala RA dilakukan secara subyektif dengan menghitung skor gejala total (SGT), serta obyektif melalui kadar RANTES sekret hidung. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hubungan antara kadar RANTES sekret hidung dengan SGT pada penderita RA. Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Desember 2015 di Unit Rawat Jalan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok - Bedah Kepala Leher Divisi Alergi Imunologi dan Instalasi Patologi Klinik Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan menggunakan rancang bangun cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 49. Kadar RANTES sekret hidung diukur dengan metode ELISA. Skor gejala total diperoleh dari penjumlahan keseluruhan gejala, baik gejala hidung maupun gejala di luar hidung. Uji korelasi yang digunakan adalah uji Pearson. Hasil: Rerata dan standar deviasi (SD) kadar RANTES pada penelitian ini adalah 17,68 pg/ml (8,24) dan rerata (SD) SGT adalah 11,37 (3,15 pg/ml). Diagram scatter plot menunjukkan bahwa data terdistribusi normal. Hasil tes korelasi Pearson kadar RANTES sekret hidung dan SGT pada penderita RA didapatkan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,426 dan p=0,002. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan positif dengan korelasi sedang antara kadar RANTES sekret hidung dan SGT pada penderita RA.

Kata kunci: Rinitis alergi, RANTES, skor gejala total

ABSTRACT

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of nasal mucosa which is mediated by Imunoglobulin E (IgE) as a response to an allergic exposure. One important sign of an allergic process is the infiltration of inflammatory cells particullary eosinophils into the mucosal tissue, which release a variety of basic proteins that may damage the nasal mucosal epithelium. The process of migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells was strongly influenced by the role of regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). Evaluation of AR can be done by calculating total symptoms score (TSS) and RANTES levels in nasal secretion. Purpose: This study aimed to prove the relation between the levels of RANTES nasal secretion and TSS in AR patients. Methods: Research was conducted at Allergy–Immunology Division of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) Outpatient Department of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya in July to December 2015. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling and obtained 49 samples. Levels of RANTES in nasal secretion were measured by ELISA method. Total symptoms scores were obtained by accumulating all the symptoms, either nasal symptoms or non nasal symptoms. This study used correlation of Pearson as the statistical analytic test. Results: Mean (SD) RANTES of this study was 17.68 pg/ml (8.24) and mean (SD) of TSS was 11.37 pg/ml (3.15). Scatter plot diagram showed that data were distributed normally. The results of Pearson test showed that there were significant correlation between the levels of RANTES nasal secretion and TSS in AR patients with correlation coefficient (r)=0.426 and p=0.002. Conclusion: There was a positive relationship with moderate correlation between the levels of RANTES nasal secretion and TSS in allergic rhinitis patients.

Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, RANTES, total symptom scores