Hubungan otitis media supuratif kronis disertai kolesteatom dengan gangguan pengecapan

Abstract

Background: Chorda tympanic nerve runs through the middle ear between the long crus of the incus and
manubrium of the mallei. Chorda tympanic nerve supplies the front two-thirds of the tongue taste. Many studies
had reported about gustatory alteration caused by ear surgery, but there were only small numbers of study about
this alteration in chronic otitis media (COM) patients prior to surgical treatment. Purpose: To find out whether the
COM patient with cholesteatoma have taste alteration or not, to investigate the relationship between COM with
cholesteatoma (cholesteatoma level) to gustatory disorder (gustatory level) and the taste alteration in COM
patients with cholesteatoma before and after mastoidectomy surgery. Method: This was an analytic observational
study with cross sectional design. Sampling method was accidental sampling that involved 18 patients. Gustatory
function before and after surgery was examined using a taste strip test. Statistical analysis used in this study was
Spearman correlation test and Repeated ANOVA test. Results: Subjectively there was no taste disorder complaint
among these patients, although objectively there were patients that had taste disorder. The highest taste disorders
found in this study was hipogeusia (55,56%) followed by ageusia (22,22%) and normal taste (22,22%). Spearman
correlation test between COM with cholesteatoma (cholesteatoma level) to gustatory disorder (gustatory level) was
p<0,05 and r=-0,543. Repeated ANOVA test taste alteration in COM patients with cholesteatoma before and after
mastoidectomy surgery was p >0,05. Conclusion: Most of COM patients with cholesteatoma had alteration of taste
prior to surgery. There was significant correlation between cholesteatoma level to gustatory disorder and the
higher cholesteatoma level,the lower the gustatory level. Statistically there was no significant differences gustatory
function in COM patients with cholesteatoma before and after surgery.
Keywords: COM patient with cholesteatoma, gustatory, surgery.

ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Nervus korda timpani berjalan melalui telinga tengah di antara prosesus longus inkus dan
manubrium malei. Nervus korda timpani mempersarafi pengecapan dua pertiga depan lidah. Banyak penelitian tentang
perubahan pengecapan akibat operasi telinga tengah, tetapi sedikit penelitian tentang perubahan pengecapan pada
penderita otitis media supuratif kronis (OMSK) sebelum operasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui ada tidaknya penderita OMSK
dengan kolesteatom yang mengalami gangguan pengecapan, adanya hubungan antara OMSK dengan kolesteatom
(tingkat kolesteatom), gangguan pengecapan (tingkat pengecapan) dan ada tidaknya perubahan pengecapan pada
penderita OMSK dengan kolesteatom sebelum dan setelah operasi mastoidektomi. Metode: Penelitian merupakan
penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik
accidental sampling melibatkan 18 penderita OMSK dengan kolesteatom. Pemeriksaan fungsi pengecapan dilakukan
sebelum dan setelah operasi menggunakan tes strip pengecapan. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman
dan uji Repeated ANOVA. Hasil: Penderita OMSK dengan kolesteatom secara subjektif tidak mempunyai keluhan
perubahan pengecapan, meskipun secara objektif penderita ada yang mengalami gangguan pengecapan. Hipogeusia
menempati proporsi terbanyak (55,56%) diikuti oleh ageusia (22,22%) dan pengecapan normal (22,22%). Hasil uji
korelasi Spearman antara OMSK dengan kolesteatom (tingkat kolesteatom) terhadap gangguan pengecapan (tingkat
pengecapan) yaitu p < 0,05 dan r = -0,543. Hasil uji Repeated ANOVA pengecapan penderita OMSK dengan
kolesteatom sebelum dan setelah operasi mastoidektomi yaitu p>0,05. Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar penderita OMSK
dengan kolesteatom telah mengalami penurunan pengecapan. Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara tingkat
kolesteatom dan tingkat (gangguan) pengecapan. Semakin tinggi tingkat kolesteatom pada penderita OMSK semakin
menurun tingkat pengecapan. Secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan bermakna perubahan pengecapan penderita sebelum
dan setelah operasi.
Kata kunci: OMSK dengan kolesteatom, pengecapan, operasi.