Hubungan antara lama paparan bising terhadap gangguan pendengaran pada instruktur drum

Abstract

Latar belakang: Alat musik drum merupakan alat musik yang memiliki nilai kebisingan. Instruktur drum dapat terpapar bising yang tinggi, sehingga dapat mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara lama paparan bising terhadap gangguan pendengaran pada instruktur drum di Surakarta dan sekitarnya. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah obervasional non experimental dengan desain cross sectional pada 71 instruktur drum di 14 sekolah musik di Surakarta. Sampel berupa hasil pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni yang dilaksanakan di studio musik kedap suara dengan NAB kurang dari 40 Dba SPL. Data dianalisis menggunakan  uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil analisis statistik bermakna bila didapatkan nilai p=0,001<0,01. Hasil: Pada rerata tingkat kebisingan yang terukur dengan alat Sound Level Meter di 14 sekolah musik di Surakarta. Pada saat memainkan drum adalah sebesar 111,48±3,84 dB. Terdapat responden dengan durasi ≤2 jam tanpa GPAB sebanyak 10 orang (14,1%) dan paling banyak terjadi dengan GPAB pada durasi >4 sampai dengan 6 jam sebanyak 38 orang (51,2%). Nilai p=0,001<0,01 yang berarti ada hubungan yang bermakna antara durasi dengan GPAB pada instruktur drum dengan coefficient of contingency CC sebesar 0,687 (68,70%). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara lama paparan bising terhadap gangguan pendengaran pada instruktur drum.

 Background: Drum is one of musical instruments producing a high level of noise. Drum instructors are exposed to this loudness, which might give them a high risk of hearing impairment. Objective: To investigate the correlation between loudness exposure time and hearing impairment of drum instructors in Solo area. Methods: This was an observational non experimental research using cross sectional design on 71 drum instructors in 14 music schools in Surakarta. The samples were the result of pure tone audiometry examination conducted in a soundproof music studio with NAB less than 40 Dba SPL. Data were analyzed using Chi Square statistical tests. The results of statistical analysis were significant if  p = 0.001 <0.01. Result: The average noise level measured by a Sound Level Meter tool in 14 music schools in Surakarta, while playing the drum was 111.48 ± 3.84 dB. There were respondents with a duration of ≤ 2 hours without Noise Induce Hearing Loss (NIHL) as many as 10 people (14.1%), and the highest  occurence with NIHL was at a duration of  >4 to 6 hours as many as 38 people (51.2%). The value of p = 0.001 <0.01, revealed that there was a significant correlation between the duration of noise exposure and NIHL in drum instructors with coefficient of contingency (CC) of 0.687 (68.70%). Conclusion: Noise exposure time was correlated with hearing impairment in drum instructors.